Compared to the centralized city-states of pre-modern Europe, the modern German capital has a unique combination of historical legacy, government-mandated infrastructure, and subsidized cultural sphere. While neither Berlin nor Bonn will become unassuming administrative centers, it will not be a world economic powerhouse like London. In fact, the development trajectory of the capital city is as contradictory as the city itself.
The rise of Berlin's population began in the early twentieth century, when it was chosen to be the capital of the unified Germany. Although it became a cosmopolitan metropolis, Berliners were apprehensive about hosting a national government. The city would experience a massive federal spending, a tight housing market, and increasing congestion. Fortunately, after World War II, Berlin was able to bounce back as a capital city.
The relationship between capital cities and their citizens differs greatly. The relationship between local and national governments is often characterized by dependence, synergy, and exploitation. The Berlin debate demonstrates that while the relationship between cities and nations can be complex, it is often mutually beneficial. The contested relationship between the nation and city is the core of a capital city's economic role. In many capitals, the national capital tries to retain its autonomy, while at the same time, its citizens feel privileged and entitled to services and protection from harsh economic competition.
The city of Berlin and the surrounding region was a prime example of this dynamic. The city was built by the Nazis to hide their true intentions, and the Nazis used it as an opportunity to promote their political agenda and cast a false image of their ideology. The city had many large buildings, avenues, and monuments, allowing national leaders to exaggerate the sense of importance while hiding the true reality of poverty.